IPCC Info Banner

Working Group II Definitions

Likelihood of an outcome or result
Virtually certain > 99% probability of occurrence
Extremely likely > 95%
Very likely > 90%
Likely > 66%
More likely than not > 50%
Very unlikely < 10%
Extremely unlikely < 5%.

Confidence in a statement
Very high confidence: At least a 9 out of 10 chance of being correct
High confidence: About an 8 out of 10 chance
Medium confidence: About a 5 out of 10 chance
Low confidence: About a 2 out of 10 chance
Very low confidence: Less than a 1 out of 10 chance

Confidence symbols in the text
*** Very high confidence
** High confidence
* Medium confidence

Key Assumptions

The Working Group II report discusses future impacts "for the range of unmitigated climate changes projected by the IPCC over this century judged to be relevant for people and the environment." Its different scenarios of future emissions of greenhouse gases "do not include additional climate initiatives, which means that no scenarios are included that explicitly assume implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change or the emissions targets of the Kyoto Protocol."

Mitigation Experts:
Contact Information for Experts on Solutions to Global Warming

Mark Levine, PhD, Coordinating Lead Author of IPCC Working Group III
Division Director, Environmental Energy Technologies at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
University of California, Berkeley
(510) 486-5238
MDLevine@LBL.gov

Daniel Kammen, PhD
Professor, Energy and Resources Group
Goldman School of Public Policy, Department of Nuclear Engineering
University of California, Berkeley
Co-Director, Berkeley Institute of the Environment
Founding Director, Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory
(510)-642-1139 (office)
(510)-643-2243 (lab)
kammen@berkeley.edu

Bruce McCarl, PhD, Lead Author, IPCC Working Group III
Regents Professor
Department of Agricultural Economics
Texas A&M University
(979) 845 1706
mccarl@tamu.edu

William Moomaw, PhD, Lead Author, IPCC Working Group III
Professor of International Environmental Policy and Director of the Center for International Environment and Resource Policy
The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University
(617)-627-2732
William.moomaw@tufts.edu

Adil Najam, PhD, Coordinating Lead Author, IPCC Working Group III
Associate Professor of International Negotiation and Diplomacy
The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University
adil.najam@tufts.edu
(617) 627-2706

Jonathan Pershing, PhD, Lead Author, IPCC Working Group III
Director, Climate, Energy and Pollution Program
World Resources Institute
Washington, DC
(202)-729-7720
jpershing@wri.org

Daniel Sperling, PhD, Lead Author, IPCC Working Group III
Director, Institute of Transportation Studies
Associate Director, Energy Efficiency Center
Professor of Transportation Engineering and Environmental Policy
University of California, Davis
(530)-752-7434
dsperling@ucdavis.edu

Ryan Wiser, PhD
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
University of California, Berkeley
(510)-486-5474
RHWiser@lbl.gov

Experts that can provide interviews in Spanish:

Omar Masera, PhD, Lead Author, IPCC Working Group III
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Instituto de Ecología, Morelia, Michoacán
Mexico
(52) 55 5623 2709
omasera@oikos.unam.mx

Julio Torres-Martínez, PhD, Lead Author, IPCC Working Group III
Observatorio Cubano de Ciencia y Tecnología
(537) 203 0166; 202 7009
Cuba
julio.torres@occyt.cu




Go back to the Home Page
About This Site